Medicinal Herbal Oils

Medicinal Oils

Foragers: see our color plant identification guide

Common Name	Botanical Name	Form	Production Method	Origin	Details
Aniseed	Illicum verum	Seeds	Steam distillation	Middle East	Common uses: Said to control lice and itch mite. Antiseptic, antispasmodic, induce flatulence, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, stimulate digestion. Blends well with : Bay, Cardamom, Caraway, Cedarwood, Coriander, Fennel, Mandarin, Petitgrain, Rosewood. CAUTION: Very potent. Do not use on sensitive skin. AVOID USE DURING PREGNANCY.
Anthropogon	Rhode- dendron	Leaves	Steam distillation	Nepal	Anthropogond. Don. Common uses: Used in the treatment of inflammations, lung disorders, general weakening of the body. relieve/suppress coughing, increases perspiration, digestive, reduces fever, restorative.
Basil	Ocimum basilicum	Leaves & flowers	Steam distillation	Italy	Common uses: Clears the sinuses, promotes digestion, stimulates circulation especially in the respiratory system. Strengthens compassion, faith and brings clarity. Blends well with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Clove Bud, Lime, Eucalyptus, juniper, Lemon, Neroli, Rosemary.
Bay	Pimenta racemosa	Leaves	Steam distilled	West Indies	Blends well with: Cedarwood, Coriander, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Ginger, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Orange, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme, Ylang Ylang.
Bergamot	Citrus bergamia	Crude fruit peel	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: Aids in the treatment of depression, stress, tension, fear, hysteria, infection ( all types including skin), anorexia, Psoriasis, eczema, general convalescence. Uplifting and invigorating. Useful for oily and blemished skin. Blends well with: Black Pepper, Clary Sage, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Jasmine, Mandarin, Nutmeg, Orange, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang. CAUTION: Can cause severe burns on sensitive skin that has been exposed to sunlight.
Birch Tar	Betula alba	Bark	Steam	Japan	Common uses: External application in the form of ointment 10% or soap 10% for eczema, psoraisis, and other skin conditions. Mixed with other Essential oils it is used to keep away mosquitos. Blends well with: Jasmine, Sandalwood. Caution: May cause irritation to sensitive skin. Avoid use in pregnancy.
Cajeput	Melaleuca cajeputi	Leaves & twigs	Steam distillation	Indonesia	Common uses: Local application in skin disease, stimulating, expectorant, mild analgesic, anti-microbial, relieves nerve pain, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, increases perspiration, induce flatulence, expectorant, reduces fever, insecticide, restorative agent. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Clove Bud, Oregano, Rosemary, Thyme. CAUTION: Avoid during pregnancy.
Cardamom	Elettaria carda- momum	Seeds	Steam	India	Common uses: Helpful for the digestive system. Works as a laxative, soothes colic, wind, dyspepsia, nausea, heartburn. As a massage oil or diluted in the bath it can assist the digestive system, coughs, restorative agent. Blends with: Bergamot, Cinnamon, Clove, Carraway, Cedarwood, Orange, Rose.
Carrot Seed	Daucus carota	Seeds	Steam Distilled	France	Common uses: Fantastic for skincare, revitalises and tones. Best essential oil for mature skin. Assists to remove toxins and water build up on the skin making it fresh and firmer. Detoxifying effect on the liver, cleans the digestive system. Helpful for arthritis, gout, odema, rheumatism, toxins in muscles and joints. Strengthens mucous membranes in the nose, throat, lungs, beneficial for bronchitis and influenza. Blends well with : Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Lavender, Rosewood.
Cedarwood	Cedaris atlantica	Wood	Steam	USA	Common uses: Considered an aphrodisiac, warming, uplifting, toning. Used in the treatment of acne, arthritis, bronchitis, coughing, cystitis, dandruff, dermatitis, stress. Blends well with: Chamomile, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Citrus Oils.
Chamomile German Blue	Matricaria recutica	Flower head	Steam	France	Common uses: Abscesses, allergies, arthritis, boils, cuts, colic, cystitis, dermatitis, dysmenorrheoa, earache, flatulence, hair, headache, infected skin, insect bites, insomnia, nausea, neuralgia, PMS, rheumatism, sores, sprains, strains, stress, wounds. Blends well with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, geranium, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Rose, Tea Tree, Ylang Ylang. Caution: Avoid use in pregnancy.
Chamomile Roman	Chama- emelum nobile	Flower head	Steam distilled	Italy	Common uses: aches, pains in muscles/joints, PMS, stress. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Frankincense, Geranium, Lavender, Neroli, Marjoram, Rose, Rosewood, Ylang Ylang. Caution: use well diluted, high concentration may cause skin reactions in sensitive people.
Cinnamon Leaf	Cinna- momum Zeyla- nicum	Leaves	Steam	France	Common uses: Antiseptic, stimulant, antibiotic, constrict tissue, induce flatulence, induces/hastens menstrual flow, antispasmodic, natural insecticide. Blends well with: any oil in the citrus family, spice oils (particulary Clove, Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme). CAUTION: Capable of causing sensitivity, particularly mucous membranes. Should be properly diluted. AVOID IN PREGNANCY.
Cinnamon Seed	Cinna- momum Zeyla- nicum	Leaves	Steam	France	Common uses: Antiseptic, stimulant, antibiotic, constrict tissue, induce flatulence, induces/hastens menstrual flow, antispasmodic, natural insecticide.Blends well with: any oil in the citrus family, spice oils (particulary Clove, Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme).CAUTION: Capable of causing sensitivity, particuarly mucous membranes. Should be properly diluted. AVOID IN PREGNANCY.
Citronella	Cymbo- pogon winteri- anus jowitt (Certified organic)	Gum	Steam	Sri Lanka	Cymbopogon nardus (100% Pure Essential Oil) Common uses: Helps with minor infections, combats colds and flu, excessive perspiration, conditions oily skin and hair. Also used as an antiseptic, insecticide, parasitic, stimulant, restorative agent. Blends well with: most oils but especially with Bergamot, Cedarwood, Geranium, Orange, Orange Bitter, Lavender, Pine. CAUTION: may irritate sensitive skin.
Clementine	Citrus- nobilis	Crude peel	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: Revitalise and balance, combating insomnia. Blends well with: other Essential Oils particulary the citrus and floral family. Caution: phototoxic - avoid direct sunlight after use.
Clove Bud	Syzgium aroma- ticum	Bud	Steam	India	Common uses: Effective for minor aches and pains (particularly dental pain), helpful for cold and flu. Blends well with: other spice oils, Citronella, Grapefruit, Lemon, Orange, Peppermint, Rosemary, Rose. CAUTION: Avoid during pregnancy. Use diluted as can cause skin sensitisation.
Clove Leaf	Eugenia aroma- ticum	Leaves	Steam	India	(often substituted for clove bud as cheaper in price for making candles and soaps). Common uses: Skin irritations, digestive issues, bad breath. Blends well with: oils from the spice and citrus family, Bay, Bergamot, Clary Sage, Lavender, Rose, Ylang Ylang. Caution: direct application to the skin should be avoided.
Corriander	Corrian- drum Sativum	Seeds	Steam	Russia	Common uses: Refresh and wake the mind, helps with mental fatigue, migraine pain, tension, nervous weakness, rheumatism, arthritis, muscle spasms, combats colds and flu, aphrodisiac, induces flatulence, deodorant, fungicidal, revitalising, stimulant. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cinnamon, Ginger, Grapefruit (white or pink), Lemon, Neroli, Orange.
Cumin Seed	Cuminum cyminum	Seeds	Steam	Egypt	Common uses: Relieves muscular pains and arthritis. Helps with colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, bloating and indigestion. Beneficial for headaches, migraine pain and nervous exhaustion. Antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, gas expulsion, digestive and diuretic properties. Blends well with: Caraway, Chamomile, Lavender, Rosemary and essential oils with an oriental flavour. Caution: phototoxic properties- avoid sunlight after use. Avoid use in prgnancy and those with sensitive skin.
Cypress	Cyperssus semper- virens	Needles & twigs	Steam	Australia	Common uses: combat excessive perspiration, particularly feet, heamorrhoids, menorrhagia, oily skin, rheumatism, varicose veins. Relaxing, nerve soothing, used in skincare applications. Blends well with; Bergamot, Clary Sage, Fennel (all), Grapefruit (all), Juniper, Lavender (all), Lemon, Lime, Orange, Pine (all), Rosemary (all), Tangerine.
Cypress Australian Green	Callitris intra- tropica	Needles & twigs	Steam	Australia	Common uses: known for skincare properties, moisturising and soothing. considered similar to Chamomile German Blue. Soothing and relaxing for nerves without sedative properties. Gentle- suitable for all skin types. Blends well with: Cardamom, Cedarwood (all), Clary Sage, Geranium (all), Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender (all), Lemon Tea Tree, Lemon Myrtle, Mandarin, Marjoram (all), Orange, Pine (all), Rose (all), Sandalwood.
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis	Eucalyp- tus Camal- dulensis	Wood & Leaves	Steam	China	Common uses: skin ailments (burns and blisters) wounds, insect bites, lice, skin infections, combat colds and flu, sore muscles and joints. Blends with Cedarwood, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Pine, Rosemary, Thyme. CAUTION: Should be diluted. Avoid use during pregnancy. Note: Has the same common uses as Eucalyptus Citriodora, Eucalyptus Radiata, Eucalyptus Smithii.
Eucalyptus Radiata Australis	Eucalyp- tus radiata	Leaves	Steam	Australia	Common uses: Excellent for burns, blisters, wounds, insect bites, lice, skin infections, colds, flu, sore muscles/joints. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Pine, Rosemary, Thyme. Caution: Use well diluted, Avoid use in pregnancy.
Fennel Bitter	Foeniculum vulgare amara	Seeds	Steam	Spain	Common uses: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, induces flatulence, laxative, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, beneficial to spleen and digestion, invigorating, restoring, stimulating and warming. Caution: may cause skin irritation, use well diluted, avoid sun after use. Avoid in pregnancy.
Fennel Sweet	Foeniculum vulgare dulce	Seeds	Steam	Bulgaria	Common uses: Has a cleansing and tonic effect on the skin, helps with bruises, oily skin, mature complexions. Invigorating, restoring, stimulating and warming. For coughs, colds, consipation. CAUTION: Should not be used in large doses as it may have a narcotic effect. Should be avoided altogether in those that are pregnant, have epilepsy. Dilute well before use, may cause skin irritation.
Frankincense	Boswella carteri	Resin	CO2	Ethiopia	Common uses: Rejuvenates ageing skin, tonic for sores, carbuncles, wounds, scars, skin ainfections, induces flatulence, digestive, diuretic, constricts tissue, sedative, expectorant. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Cardamom, Cedarwood, Chamomile, Cinnamon, Clary Sage, Coriander, Geranium, Ginger.
Geranium Bourbon	Pelar- gonium grave- olens	Herb	Steam distillation	Egypt	Common uses: Acne, bruises, burns, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, haemorrhoids, lice, mosquito repellent, ringworm, ulcers, breast engorgement, odema, poor circulation, sore throat, tonsillitis, PMS, menopausal problems, stress, neuralgia. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Carrot seed, Cedarwood, Citronella, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Lime, Lemon, Lemongrass, Neroli, Orange, Rosemary. CAUTION: Can cause sensitivity in some people. As it balances the hormonal system should be avoided in pregnancy.
Geranium	Geranium Egypt	Herb	Steam distilled	Egypt	Common uses: Acne, bruises, burns, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, lice, mosquito repellent, ringworm, poor circulation, sore throat. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Carrot seed, Cedarwood, Citronella, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Lime, Lemon, Lemongrass, Neroli, Orange, Rosemary.
Ginger	Zingiber officinale	Roo	Steam	France	Common uses: colds, flu, nausea (motion and morning sickness), muscle aches (particularly backs), circulation issues, arthritic pain, aphrodisiac based on energising properties. Warming to combat loneliness and depression. Blends well with Bergamot, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang and other spice oils. Caution: can irritate sensitive skin, phototoxic- avoid sunlight after use.
Grapefruit Pink	Citrus paradisi	Crude peel	Cold pressed	France	Common uses: Spiritual uplifter, eases muscle fatigue and stiffness, purifier of congested, oily and acne prone skin. Blends well with: other oils from the citrus family, Rosemary, Cypress, Lavender, Geranium, Cardamom and most other spice oils. Caution: Rare cases reported it may cause sensitisation.
Grapefruit White	Citrus paradisi	Crude Peel	Cold Pressed	France	Common uses: Spiritual uplifter, eases muscle fatigue and stiffness, purifier of congested, oily and acne prone skin. Blends well with: other oils from the citrus family, Rosemary, Cypress, Lavender, Geranium, Cardamom and most other spice oils. Caution: Rare cases reported it may cause sensitisation. The difference between white and pink are minor, pink is sweeter, cost/supply/demand, more pink is produced.
Hyssop	Hyssopus officinale	Leaves and flowers	Steam	Slovenja	Common uses: ease sore throats caused by sinus issues, relieve bronchial spasms, may be helpful for asthma attacks, anti-rheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, induces flatulence, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, restorative agent. Blends well with: Cajeput, Eucalyptus, Myrtle, Ravensara. Caution: Avoid use in pregnancy and epilepsy.
Juniperberry	Juniperus communis	Berries	Steam distilled	Himalayas of India	Common uses: supportive, restoring, tonic aid, meditation, weight loss, detoxification blends, considered purifying and clearing. Blends well with: Bergamot, Chamomile, Clary Sage, Eucalypts, Geranium, Marjoram, Rosemary, Sandalwood. CAUTION: Avoid in pregnancy.
Laurel leaf	Laurus nobilis	Leaf	Steam	Spain	Common uses: antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties are used for scars, acne, blemishes, boils, scabies. Aids depression, anxiety, paranoid psychosis, neuritis. Warming properties bring awareness, courage, confidence, enhance emotions. Tonic for hair and scalp stimulating growth and aiding dandruff. Blends well with: Bay leaf, Citrus oils, Clary Sage, Cypress, Hyssop, Juniperberry. Caution: possible skin irritation, some sensitisation, Avoid use in pregnancy.
Lavender	Lavandula Officinalis	Flower head	Steam distilled	France	Common uses: Treatment of burns and healing of skin, prevention of infection. Promote rapid healing and help to decrease scarring. Antiseptic, anticonvulsive, antidepressive, antirheumatic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, induces flatulence, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic. Preferred choice for soaps, candles, perfumes, cosmetics. Blends well with: Most oils especially citrus and floral oils, Clove, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Geranium, Patchouli, Pine, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang. CAUTION: avoid use in pregnancy , avoid if hypotensive (low blood pressure).
Lavender	Lavandula angust- ifolia	Flower head	Steam Distilled	Australia	Considered True Lavender. Common uses: Treatment of burns and healing of skin, prevention of infection. Promotes rapid healing and help to decrease scarring. antiseptic, anticonvulsive, antidepressive, antirheumatic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericide, induces flatulence, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, carminative. chologue, ciastrisant, cytophylactic. Blends well with: Bay, Bergamot, Chamomile, Citronella, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, lemon, Manarin, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Pine, Tangerine, hume, Rosemary, Rosewood, Ylang Ylang. CAUTION: Avoid use in pregnancy , avoid if hypotensive (low blood pressure).
Lavindin grosso	Augusti- folia x latifolia	Flowering top	Steam distillation	France	Common uses: similar to true lavender, hypotensive, insecticide, soothes nervous excitement, sedative, restorative agent. Blends well with: Clove, Cinnamon, Citronella, Clary Sage, Cypress, Geranium, Patchouli, Pine, Rosemary, Thyme. CAUTION: Should be avoided in those people with low blood pressure.
Lemon	Citrus limonum	Peel of the fruit	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: Treatment of boils and cuts. High antibacterial properties, cleansing effect on skin and hair. Refreshing and cooling. Caution: may cause skin irritation in some people. Phototoxic - avoid direct sunlight after use.
Lemongrass	Cymbo- gopon Flexuosus (D.C)	Leaves	Steam extraction	Nepal	Common uses: Known for its invigorating and antiseptic properties. Excellent antidepressant (tones and fortifies the nervous system), soothes muscular nerves and pain. CAUTION: Avoid use in those with Glaucoma and with children. Use with caution in those with prostatichyperplasia and those with skin sensitivity or damaged skin.
Lime	Citrus auranti- folia	Peel	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: crisp refreshing scent, uplifting and revitalising. Helps clear oily skin. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cedarwood, Geranium Bourbon, Grapefruit pink/white, Lavender (all), Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli, Nutmeg, Orange sweet, Palmarosa, Petitgrain, Rose Absolutes, Rosemary (all), Rosewood, Tangerine, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang. Caution: Phototoxic- avoid direct sunlight after use.
Litsea Cubeba	(May Chang)	Small, pepper like fruits	Steam distilled	Australia	Common uses: Calming, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiseptic, insect repellent, hypotensive, stimulating. Blends well with: Bergamot, Geranium (all), Ginger, jasmine, Rose, Rosemary, Rosewood.
Mandarin	Citrus reticulata	Crude fruit peel	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: digestive aid, (for use against indigestion), hiccups, anxiety, assist liver function in the elderly. Blends well with: Bay, Cinnamon, Clove, Grapefruit, Lime, Lemon, Nutmeg, Orange. CAUTION: Avoid direct sunlight after using, some evidence Mandarin oil is photophobic.
Marjoram	Origanium majorana	Flowers & leaves	Steam	Spain	Common uses: Warming and comforting, can be massaged onto the abdomen during menstruation or added to a warm compress, treatment of tired aching muscles (excellent for sports massage). Vaporisation will encourage sleep. Add to a warm/hot bath at first signs of a cold. Blends well with: Basil, Cardamom, Chamomile, Clary Sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Lavender, Nutmeg, Orange, Rosewood, Spikenard, Tea Tree, Thyme. Caution: Avoid use in pregnancy.
Melissa leaf	Melissa officinalis	Leaves	Steam	Egypt	Approximately 3 tonnes of plant material is required to make approximately 500ml of Essential oil. Common uses: antidepressant, uplifting, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, nervine, sedative. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cedarwood (all), Geranium (all), Jasmine, Lavender (all), Lemon, Marjoram sweet Neroli, Rose (all), Ylang Ylang. Caution: possible sensitising and dermal irritation.
Melissa Leaf Reconstituted	Melissa officinalis	Leaves	Steam	Egypt	Approximately 3 tonnes of plant material is required to make approximately 500ml of Essential oil. Common uses: antidepressant, uplifting, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, nervine, sedative. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cedarwood (all), Geranium (all), Jasmine, Lavender (all), Lemon, Marjoram sweet Neroli, Rose (all), Ylang Ylang. Caution: possible sensitising and dermal irritation.
Myrrh	commi- phora myrrh	Resin	Steam	Africa	Common uses: Enhance spirituality, used in meditation or before healing. Antimicrobial, antifungal, astringent, healing, tonic, stimulant, carminative, stomachic, anticatarrheal, expectorant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, immune stimulant, circulatory stimulant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Blends well with: Frankincense, Lavender (all), Palmarosa, Patchouli, Rose (all), Rosewood, Sandalwood (all), Tea tree, Thyme. Caution: possibly toxic in high concentrations. Not to be used in pregnancy.
Myrtle	Myrtus communis	Blossom	Steam	France	Common uses: Combats sore throats and coughs, antiseptic, bactericidal, expectorant, decongestant. Blends well with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Clove, Hyssop.
Neroli	Citrus aurantium	Blossom	Steam	France	Common uses: increase circulation, stimulate new cell growth, prevent scarring, stretch marks, treatment for skin conditions related to stress, good for dry irritated sensitive skin, regulates oiliness and minimises enlarged pores, helps clear acne and blemished skin. Used regularly it can reduce fragile or broken capillaries and varicose veins. Common uses: Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, deodorant, digestive, stimulant (nervous), tonic (cardiac and circulation). Blends well with: Clary Sage, Lavender (all), Lemon, Myrrh, Spice oils such as cinnamon, clove, nutmeg.
Nutmeg	Myristica fragrans	Seeds	Steam	Indonesia	Common uses: Arthritis, constipation, fatigue, muscle aches, neuralgia, poor circulation, rheumatism, slow digestion. Adds warmth, spice and inspiration when used in small amounts. Blends well with: Clary Sage, Geranium, Lavender, Orange, Petitgrain, Rosemary, other spices. Caution: If used in large amounts can cause nausea and tachycardia. Avoid use in pregnancy.
Orange Bitter	Citris aurantium	Peels	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: combats colds, flu, constipation, dull skin, flatulence, gums, slow digestion, stress, anti-depressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, induces flatulence, deodorant, digestive, stimulant (nervous) restorative agent (cardiac, circulatory), non irritant to the kidneys. Blends well with: Clary Sage, Lavender (all), Lemon, Myrrh, Spicy oils, e.g. Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove.
Orange Sweet	Citrus sinensis	Peels	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: combats colds, flu, constipation, dull skin, induces flatulence, gums, slow digestion, stress, anti-depressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, deodorant, digestive, stimulant (nervous) restorative agent (cardiac, circulatory), non irritant to the kidneys. Blends well with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Lavender, Lemon, Myrrh, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Spicy oils, eg Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove. CAUTION: Some have experienced dermatitis from the limonene content.
Oregano	Originum vulgare	Herb	Steam	France	Common uses: Volatile oil of Originum, has considerable inhibitory effects against 25 different genera of bacteria including animal and plant pathogens, (food poisoning and spoilage bacteria). Blends well with: Bergamot, Chamomile (all), Cypress (all), Cedarwood (all), Eucalyptus, Lavender (all), Rosemary (all), Tea Tree. Caution: dermal and mucous membrane irritant if used in high concentrations.
Palmarosa	Cymbo- pogon martini	Grass	Steam	India	Common uses: Diffuse during flu epidemic, acts against viral illnesses and bacteria. Helps with acne, alopecia, lack of concentration, depression, apathy and despair, antiseptic, hydrating, stimulant (digestive, circulation), tonic. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Floral oils, Geranium, Rosewood, Sandalwood.
Patchouli	Pogo- stemon cablin	Leaves	Steam	India	Common uses: Combat nervous disorders, dandruff, sores, acne, skin irritations, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-toxic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, actericidal, carminative, deodorant, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicidal, nerving, prophalyactic, stimulant, tonic. Blends well with; Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Myrrh, Sweet Orange, Rose, Sandalwood.
Pepper Black	Piper nigrum	Dried berries	Steam	India	Common uses: helpful to treat pain, rheumatism, chills, colds, flu, increases circulation, muscular aches, fevers, analgesia, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-toxic, aphrodisiac, digestive, diuretic, laxative. Blends well with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Clove, Coriander, Fennel, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Lavender, Juniperberry, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Sage, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang. CAUTION: may cause irritation to sensitive skin. Using too much may over stimulate the kidneys. Should be avoided in pregnancy due to possible shin sensitising effect.
Peppermint	Mentha arvensis	Flowering herb	Steam	USA	Common uses: Combat stomach ailments, antispasmodic, antimicrobal agent, cooling effect by constricting capillaries and helping with sore joints and bruising. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Cajeput, Cedarwood, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Marjoram, Pine, Rosemary, Spearmint, Thyme. CAUTION: can be sensitising due to menthol content.
Petitgrain	Petitgrain bigarde	Leaves & twigs	Steam	France	Common uses: Uplifting properties, helps calm anger, stress, used in skincare for acne, oily skin and as deodorizing agent. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Geranium, Lavender, Lime, Jasmine, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Rosemary, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
Pine	Pinus pinaster	Needles	Steam	USA	Common uses: analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, arthritis, asthma, bladder infection, bronchitis, colds, convalescence, coughs, cuts, cystitis, decongestant, deodorant, detoxifying, disinfectant, diuretic, eczema, laryngitis, lice, rheumatism, ringworm, muscular aches, psoriasis, sinusitis. Blends well with: Citronella, Clary Sage, Coriander, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Juniper, Lavender, Myrrh, Rosemary, Spikenard, Tea Tree.
Pine	Pinus sylvestris	Needle & twigs	Steam	Hungary	Common uses: analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, arthritis, asthma, bladder infection, bronchitis, colds, convalescence, coughs, cuts, cystitis, decongestant, deodorant, detoxifying, disinfectant, diuretic, eczema, laryngitis, lice, rheumatism, ringworm, muscular aches, psoriasis, sinusitis. Blends well with: Citronella, Clary Sage, Coriander, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Juniper, Lavender, Myrrh, Rosemary, Spikenard, Tea Tree.
Ravensara	Raven- sara aroma- ticum	Leaves	Steam distilled	Madagscar	Common uses: May assist with respiratory problems, colds, flu, cold sores, cuts, wounds, burns, antibiotic, liver, lung infection, rhinopharyngitis, sinusitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, herpes, insomnia, muscle fatigue, infectious mononucleosis. Excellent treatment for Athlete's foot. Blends well with; Clove, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Rosemary. Caution: Avoid during pregnancy.
Rose Geranium	Pelar- goneum Roseum	-	-	-	Common uses: Acne, bruises, burns, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, haemorrhoids, lice, mosquito repellent, ringworm, ulcers, breast engorgement, odema, poor circulation, sore throat, tonsillitis, PMS, menopausal problems, stress, neuralgia. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Carrot seed, Cedarwood, Citronella, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, jasmine, Lavender, Lime, Neroli, Orange, rosemary, Caution: can cause sensitivity in some people as it balances the hormonal system.
Rose Otto	Rosa damas- cena	Needle & twigs	Steam distil- lation	Bulgaria	Common uses: antidepressant, antiseptic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, laxative, regulator of appetite, sedative, bactericidal, antispasmodic, induces/hastens menstrual flow. Caution: Do not use during pregnancy.
Rosemary	Rosmar- inus officin- alis	Herb	Steam	France	CT Verbenone. Common uses: Facial oil for extremely dry skin, normalises excessive oil secretions, improves most scalp problems (particularly dandruff and seborrhea), nourishes the scalp, keeps hair healthy and shiny, balances emotions, controls mood swings, lifts spirits, counteracts depression, helps manage stress, overcome stress related disorders, nervous exhaustion, cellulite. Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Frankincense, Ginger, Lemon, Orange, Peppermint. CAUTION: Generally non-toxic, non-sensitising. Not suitable for people with Epilepsy or those with hypertension. Avoid in pregnancy. May antidote homeopathic remedies.
Rosewood	Aniba rosae- odora	Wood	Steam distilled	Brazil	Common uses: Bactericidal, anti-fungal, antiviral, immune system stimulant, tissue regenerator, antidepressant, aphrodisiac. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Frankincense, geranium, Rosemary, Mandarin, Ylang Ylang. CAUTION: Avoid use during pregnancy. Possible irritation to sensitive skin.
Sage	Salvia officinalis	Leaves	Steam	Croatia	Common uses: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, constricts tissue, digestive, diuretic, insecticide, laxative, induces/hastens menstrual flow, restorative agent. Blends well with: Bergamot, Lavender, Lemon, Rosemary. CAUTION: Avoid use in pregnancy, if suffering epilepsy, high blood pressure.
Sandalwood	Santalum spicatum	Wood	Steam	Australia	Common uses: combat bronchitis, chapped dry skin, depression , laryngitis, oily skin, scars, sensitive skin, stress, stretch marks, aphrodisiac. Blends well with: Rose, Clove Bud, Lavender (all), Geranium, (all), Vetiver, Patchouli, Jasmine, Coriander, Cypress (all), Fennel (all), Frankincense, Myrrh, Palmarosa, Pepper (all), Peppermint, Spearmint, Vanilla.
Sandalwood	Santalum album	Wood	Steam	India	Common uses: combat bronchitis, chapped dry skin, depression , laryngitis, oily skin, scars, sensitive skin, stress, stretch marks, aphrodisiac. Blends well with: Rose, Clove Bud, Lavender (all), Geranium, (all), Vetiver, Patchouli, Jasmine, Coriander, Cypress (all), Fennel (all), Frankincense, Myrrh, Palmarosa, Pepper (all), Peppermint, Spearmint, Vanilla.
Spearmint	Mentha spicata	Flower heads	Steam	USA	Common uses: Local/topical anaesthetic, antispasmodic, constrict tissue, induces flatulence, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, restorative, uplifting oil for alleviating fatigue and depression. Blends well with: most oils particularly Basil, Bergamot, Eucalyptus, Jasmine, Lavender, Rosemary.
Spikenard	Nordo- stachys jatamansi	Dried root	Steam	Nepal	Common uses: Rashes, wrinkles, cuts, insomnia, migraine, wounds. Blends well with: Lavender, patchouli, Pine, Vetiver, and spice oils. Caution: Avoid use during pregnancy.
Star Anise	Illicium verum	Seeds & flowering tops	Steam distilled	China	Common uses: antiseptic, carminative, expectorant, insect repellent, stimulant, respiratory disorders, digestive system, colic, rheumatism. Blends well with: Bergamot, Cardamom, Clove, Fennel, Orange, Mandarin, Rose. CAUTION: Avoid use during pregnancy and on sensitive skin. Use in moderation.
Tamala	Cinna- momum tamala	Bark	Steam distillation	India	Common uses: anti-diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, antimicrobial, constricts tissue, induces flatulence, spasmolytic, colds/ flu, digestive problems. Blends well with: Frankincense, Mandarin, Orange, Ylang Ylang. Caution: May cause irritation to sensitive skin, use with caution.
Tangerine	Citrus reticulata	Crude peel	Cold pressed	Italy	Common uses: Refreshing and rejuvenating, clears the mind, eliminates emotional confusion, comforting, soothing and warming, antispasmodic, induces flatulence, digestive, diuretic, sedative, stimulant (digestive and lymphatic). Blends well with: Basil, Bergamot, Cinnamon, Clary Sage, Clove, Frankincense, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Neroli, Nutmeg, Orange. Caution: Can be phototoxic, avoid sunlight after use. dilute well prior to use on the skin.
Tansy Blue	Tana- cetum annum	Leaves & flowers	Steam	Morocco	Common uses: Skin care properties as an anti inflammatory, antihistamine, antispasmodic, induces relaxation, decreases nervous tension and stress, beneficial for allergies. Blends well with: Ravensara.
Tea Tree	Melaleuca alternifolia	Leaves	Steam	Australia	Common uses: very powerful immune stimulant, helps to fight all 3 categories of infectious organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), colds, measles, sinusitis, acne, oily skin, head lice, dandruff, topical infections, infected wounds. Massage prior to operations may help reduce post operative shock. Blends well with: Cinnamon, Clary Sage, Clove, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Myrrh, Nutmeg, Rosewood, Rosemary, Thyme. CAUTION: may cause dermal sensitising in some people. Do not take internally.
Thyme	Thymus vulgarus	Herb	CO2	Hungary	Common uses: Bactericide, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, constricts tissue, antiseptic, anti-toxic, diuretic, antifungal, immune stimulant, nervous complaints, respiratory problems, poor circulation, digestive system. Blends well with: Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lavender, Pine Rosemary. CAUTION: Avoid use during pregnancy, or if a history of elevated blood pressure. Can irritate the mucous membranes, cause skin irritation and skin sensitisation.
Thyme	Thymus vulgaris	Herb	CO2	France	Common uses: Bactericide, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, constricts tissue, antiseptic, anti-toxic, diuretic, antifungal, immune stimulant, nervous complaints, respiratory problems, poor circulation, digestive system. Blends well with: Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lavender, Pine Rosemary. CAUTION: Avoid use during pregnancy, or if a history of elevated blood pressure. Can irritate the mucous membranes, cause skin irritation and skin sensitisation.
Vanilla	Vanilla plantifolia	Fruit	Food grade solvent	Brazil	Common uses: sensual aphrodisiac, comforting and relaxing. Blends well with: Bergamot, grapefruit, Lemon, Mandarin, Orange, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Vetiver.
Verbena	Lippia Javanica	Stem & leaves	Steam distillation	South Africa	Common uses: analgesia, antidepressive, deodorant, disinfectant, emollient, expectorant, reduces fever, insecticide, restorative, asthma, bronchitis, colds, flu, fevers, malaria, pleurisy, nose bleeds, measles, skin aliments, insect bites and stings, muscular pain, scalp tonic. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Grapefruit, Mandarin, Neroli, Palmarosa, Petitgrain.
Vetiver	Vetiveria zazanoides	Root	Steam	Java	Common uses: Deeply relaxing and comforting, used in perfumery and aromatherapy applications. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Frankincense, Ginger, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemongrass, Patchouli, Rose, Sandalwood, Spikenard, Ylang Ylang.
Wintergreen	Gaultheria fragrant- issima	Leaves	Steam distilled	Nepal	Common uses: antiseptic, diuretic, stimulant, induces/hastens menstrual flow, anti-rheumatic (gout), stiffness due to old age, revitalises and gives energy following muscular pains (good for athletes).
Xanthyloxym	Xantho- xylum Armatum	Fruits	Steam distilled	Nepal	Common uses: anti-infectious, sedative, arthritis, cholera, toothache, the seeds and bark are used as an aromatic, tonic in the treatment of fevers, dyspepsia and cholera.
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	Herbs	Steam	Croatia	Common uses: Balancing and uplifting, practical applications for gynaecological issues, wounds, open sores. Used in cosmetics for dry skin care. Blends well with: Cedarwood, Pine, Myrrh, Frankincense, Chamomile. CAUTION: Possible sensitisation in some people, use in very low concentration only.
Ylang Ylang	Cananga oderata	Flower	Steam	France	Common uses: High Blood pressure, rapid breathing and heartbeat, nervous conditions, impotence, frigidity. Blends well with: Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lavender, Neroli, Rosewood, Sandalwood. Caution: Can cause sensitivity in some people, excessive use may lead to headaches and nausea.
We teach identification, harvesting, solvent extraction, decoction, infusion, steam distillation, concentration and preservation at our Ecovillage Training Center. Check our workshop schedule for current dates. Click here to return to Libraries page